Fig. 3: Kinetic morphological organization of DNA-GMP condensation.

a–d Anisotropic morphological evolution of the DNA-GMP condensation with variable GMP concentration studied by FE-SEM images. e–h AFM images of morphological kinetic evolution. i–l Confocal fluorescence images of the evolution of green fluorescence with the increase in GMP concentration (scale bar: 5 μm).