Fig. 4: FIB-SEM analysis of HCCEs before and after galvanostatic anodic polarization. | Communications Chemistry

Fig. 4: FIB-SEM analysis of HCCEs before and after galvanostatic anodic polarization.

From: Electrochemical lithium extraction from hectorite ore

Fig. 4: FIB-SEM analysis of HCCEs before and after galvanostatic anodic polarization.

A SEM image of pristine HCCE. B SEM image of polarized HCCE held at 4.5 V for 1 h. C SEM image of polarized HCCE held at 4.5 V for 6 days showing enhanced surface film formation. D Cross-sectional FIB analysis of pristine HCCE (50,000× magnification). E Cross-sectional FIB analysis HCCE polarized at 4.5 V for 24 h showing surface film layer formation on the surface of the electrode (50,000× magnification). F Cross-sectional FIB analysis of polarized HCCE at 4.5 V for 6 days showing large surface film (50,000× magnification).

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