Fig. 3: Structural characterizations of catalysts.

a–c AC-HAADF-STEM images of Pd/APTE-glucose; d AC-HAADF-STEM image of fresh Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose; e AC-HAADF-STEM image of used Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose; f The mapping of fresh Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose.

a–c AC-HAADF-STEM images of Pd/APTE-glucose; d AC-HAADF-STEM image of fresh Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose; e AC-HAADF-STEM image of used Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose; f The mapping of fresh Pd/APTE-BTMO-glucose.