Table 1 Characteristics of 1H NMR anomeric signals of monosaccharides, their esterification, and degradation products
Compound | δ (ppm) | Multiplicitya and integration | J1-2 couplings (Hz) | No. H | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | Anomer | Â | |||||
|  | α | β | α | β | α | β |  |
Glucose | 5.24 | 4.66 | d, half peak*2 | d, half peak*2 | 3.74 | 7.99 | 1 |
Fructose | - | 4.13 | - | m, whole peak | - | - | 2b |
Galactose | 5.29 | 4.60 | d, whole peak | d, half peak*2 | 3.88 | 7.95 | 1 |
Ribose | 4.86 | 4.97 | d, whole peak | d, whole peak | 1.85 | 6.17 | 1c |
Arabinose | 4.53 | 5.26 | d, whole peak | d, half peak*2 | 7.84 | 3.66 | 1 |
Rhamnose | 5.13 | 4.87 | d, whole peak | d, whole peak | 1.01 | 1.72 | 1 |
Fucose | 5.22 | 4.57 | d, whole peak | d, half peak*2 | 3.92 | 7.90 | 1 |
Mannose | 5.20 | 4.91 | d, half peak*2 | d, whole peak | 1.76 | 1.04 | 1 |
Xylose | 5.21 | 4.59 | d, half peak*2 | d, half peak*2 | 3.68 | 7.88 | 1 |
Galacturonic acid | 5.36 | 4.64 | d, whole peak | d, half peak*2 | 3.82 | 7.94 | 1 |
Glucuronic acid | 5.30 | 4.72 | d, whole peak | d, half peak*2 | 3.77 | 7.94 | 1 |
Glucuronic acid lactone | 4.74 | 5.05 | m, peak-half β-GlcA | m, whole peak | - | - | 3d |
Acetate | 2.10 | s, whole peak | Â | 3 | |||
Methanol | 3.37 | s, whole peak | Â | 3 | |||
Formic acid | 8.25 | s, whole peak | Â | 1 | |||
Furfural | 9.48 | s, whole peak | Â | 1 | |||
Hydroxymehylfurfural | 9.43 | s, whole peak | Â | 1 | |||
