Fig. 4: Representation of the interplay of chiral elements in pillararene pseudo[1] catenanes.

Stick and cartoon representations illustrating the relationship between in/out conformational equilibrium and configurational chirality. The mirror plane (dashed line) depicts the enantiomeric relationship. The propeller-like arrangement between the ancillary ring (red) and the pillararene core (blue) defines a stereogenic element with right-handed (P) or left-handed (M) helicity, assigned based on the minimal rotation needed to align the top with the bottom ring when viewed along the pseudo-twofold axis through the shared arene ring toward the opposite pillararene methylene bridge. The ancillary ring is designated top or bottom depending on the alkyl chain’s proximity to the observer. In/out conformational changes invert planar chirality but not helicity. The lower part shows all possible diastereomers obtained from the reaction of pillararene 3 with meso-diester 4.