Fig. 1: Experimental setup of photonic spiking neural network. | Communications Physics

Fig. 1: Experimental setup of photonic spiking neural network.

From: Experimental observation of chimera states in spiking neural networks based on degenerate optical parametric oscillators

Fig. 1

a Single photonic neuron composed of coupled degenerate optical parametric oscillators (DOPOs). Coupling strengths between the DOPOs represented by \({J}_{{vw}}\) and \({J}_{{wv}}\). b Parallel-type coupling between i and jth DOPO neurons with weight \(\alpha\). The network structure of DOPO neurons is represented by \({J}_{{ij}}\). c Cross-type coupling with weight \(\beta\). d Schematic diagram of a photonic spiking neural network with 256 DOPO neurons. PPLN periodically poled lithium-niobate, PMF polarization-maintaining fiber, IM intensity modulator, EDFA erbium-doped-fiber amplifier, FPGA field-programmable gate array.

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