Fig. 3: Magnetic multipolar order in PrO2.
From: Non-collinear magnetism driven by a hidden multipolar order in PrO2
Temperature dependences of the order parameters obtained by solving Eq. 1 in mean-field are shown in (a–c); the corresponding ordered moments are schematically depicted in d–f. a The magnitudes of the two dipole-moment components—principal Mx (propagation vector k = [001]) and secondary My (k = [10\(\tfrac{1}{2}\)])—are indicated by red and blue colors, respectively. The corresponding magnetic structure is shown in d. The magnitude of magnetic octupolar and triakontadipolar on-site moments vs. temperature is shown in b, c; the moments are separated into non-zero projections. The corresponding total octupolar and triakontadipolar moments are schematically depicted in e, f, respectively. The moment expectation values are calculated using the normalized form of the moment operators; the size of moments depicted in e, f is proportional to their absolute magnitude.
