Fig. 3: Diagram of shear velocity prediction using neural networks.

a absolute relative error (ARE) for uτ prediction based on IDDES simulations for y+ up to 5200 with or without PDF correction. Blue and red lines represent the NNWC and NNPC error respectively. b LBM data prediction on shear velocity uτ,lbm with input of LBM velocity ulbm at y+ = 260 for the channel flow simulation at Reτ = 5200. Blue dots represents the LBM data, the NNPC and NNWC model predictions are represented by the red and green triangles respectively.