Fig. 5: Lowest excitation energies for L = 8 closed-shell system.

Lowest excitation energies in different K sectors for a lattice of size L = 8, corresponding to a closed-shell configuration with particle density \(\bar{n}=0.39\), evaluated across various interaction strengths V/t. Results are shown for symmetrized Neural Slater-Backflow-Jastrow (\({\psi }_{BF}^{K}\), blue) and symmetrized Slater-Jastrow without backflow (ψK, red). Error bars represent the corresponding standard deviations.