Fig. 4: Proposed on-chip microwave measurement platform using Josephson junction arrays (JJA) as radio frequency (RF) emitter and detector.
From: DC-operated Josephson junction arrays as a cryogenic on-chip microwave measurement platform

The top panels show a the ideal power spectral density, S, as a function of frequency, ν, of the JJA source at different voltages Vsrc; b the transmission S21 as a function of frequency for a λ/2 co-planar waveguide (CPW) resonator, with νr the resonance frequency; and c the experimentally obtained detector voltage \({V}_{\det }\) as function of the detector bias current \({I}_{\det }\) of the MoGe-det sample with (red) and without RF irradiation of a signal with amplitude ∣Vrf∣ together with the possible JJA detector response in the proposed platform. d A schematic representation of the DC-operated microwave co-planar waveguide platform consisting of a JJA source, a λ/2 resonator, and a JJA detector, where I represents the bias current and V represents the voltage over the arrays.