Table 1 Comparison of different deep learning-assisted optical encrypted information transmission techniques

From: Partial coherence and multi-channel vortices enhance high-security free-space optical communication

Refs.

Samples

Decoder

Training time

Retraining

Bits per symbol

Ciphertext-only attack

Known-plaintext attack

23

100,000

Inception-ResNetV2

~8 h

Needed

3.3

Potentially Vulnerable

Vulnerable

25

32,768

ResNet50

~4 h

Needed

15

Robust

Vulnerable

24

65,536

ResNet18

-

Needed

8

Robust

Vulnerable

This work

12,096

Lenet-5 CNN

~6 min 22 s

Not Needed

36

Robust

Robust