Fig. 2: Lattice system 3 × 2 and variational quantum results (noiseless simulator).
a Two static charges with values Q ± 1 are placed onto two sites n = (nx, ny): Q = − 1 ↦ (0, 0), Q = 1 ↦ (2, 1). The symbols qn are the values of the dynamical charges onto the sites with coordinates n = nxny. The dashed arrows are the inactive gauge links after Gauss’s law is applied, solid arrows represent the link operators that remain dynamical, U10y, U20y. The quantum circuit ("Supplementary Note 1: Quantum circuit definition'') describes these links and the fermionic charges qn (top b) Static potential at different coupling g with ED (solid line) and quantum variational results (triangles), performed with Nakanishi–Fujii–Todo (NFT) optimizer and 104 shots. (bottom b) Infidelity (1 − fidelity) between variational quantum data and Exact Diagonalization (ED). A finite number of shots defines the error bars, which are smaller than the markers.
