Fig. 6: Prediction of precipitation location for the chip with uniform pattern case.

Green arrows denote calculations performed within the toolbox. The dashed red lines mark the locations where crystals are growing. a RGB image obtained via optical microscopy 10 min prior to the prediction image and used as in the training samples. b Segmentation result from the U-Net. c Predicted multiple species concentrations obtained using the non-intrusive reduced basis method. d Post-processed species concentrations identifying locations with a high probability of precipitation. e RGB image acquired via optical microscopy at the prediction time, confirming crystal growth at the predicted locations.