Extended Data Fig. 10: Loss of brain glycogen leads to impaired lactate surges and associative learning in GYS1 KO mice (Related to Fig. 4).

(a) Comparison of responsive cells of control (black) and GYS1 KO mice (red). (b) Quantification of the area under the curve (AUC) of responding neurons and astrocytes for the dip and surge identified in a. Astrocytes and neurons with a surge had a lower AUC in GYS1 KO animals. For statistical analysis 177 neurons and 146 astrocytes were used. (c) GYS1 KO mice (red) showed impaired learning performance in the suppression‐response task when compared to control animals (black) resulting in more errors per trial. (d, e) Both groups reduced the response latency to the auditory cue, however, GYS1 KO mice responded significantly slower than the control (d) although GYS1 KO were similarly responsive (e). N = number of animals, n = number of experiments. Data is represented as mean ± SD. m = 30 sessions used to derive statistics. Mean statistics were calculated using two-tailed linear mixed-effects models and Tukey’s post hoc tests.