Extended Data Fig. 6: β cells proliferate after partial pancreatectomy and during pregnancy.

a, A schematic diagram illustrating the experimental strategy for Dox induction, partial pancreatectomy (PPX) and analysis. 6 weeks old mice (both male and female mice were used) were treated with Dox for 1 week. After washout for 2 weeks and PPX injury for 2 and 4 weeks, mice were euthanized (PPX group: n = 5; Sham group: n = 5). b, Immunostaining for tdT, ZsGreen and Ins on pancreatic sections collected after PPX 2 weeks. Arrows indicate tdT⁺Ins⁺ β cells. Arrowheads indicate zsGreen⁺Ins^– non-β cells. c, Immunostaining on pancreatic sections for tdT, ZsGreen and EdU collected after PPX 2 weeks. Arrows indicate EdU⁺tdT⁺ cells. EdU was injected 12 hours before sacrifice. Right panel shows quantification of the percentage of tdT+ cells with incorporated EdU. Numbers of investigated mice were as follows: PPX group, n = 5; Sham group, n = 5, Data are mean ± SEM, P=1.22×10^–5, *P<0.05 (unpaired, two-sided, Student’s t-test). d, Immunostaining for tdT, ZsGreen and Ins on pancreatic sections collected after PPX 4 weeks. Arrows indicate tdT⁺Ins⁺ β cells. Arrowheads indicate zsGreen⁺Ins^– non-β cells. e, A schematic diagram illustrating experimental strategy of Dox induction, pregnancy and analysis. 6 weeks old mice (only female mice were used) were treated with Dox for 1 week. After washout for 2 weeks and Pregnancy for 15.5 d, mice were euthanized (Pregnancy group: n = 5; Sham group: n = 5). f, Immunostaining for tdT, ZsGreen and EdU on pancreatic sections collected after pregnancy. Arrows indicate EdU⁺tdT⁺ cells. EdU was injected 12 hours before sacrifice. Right panel shows quantification of the percentage of tdT⁺ cells with incorporated EdU. Numbers of investigated mice were as follows: Pregnancy group, n = 5; Sham group, n = 5, Data are mean ± SEM, P=3.38×10^–6, *P<0.05 (unpaired, two-sided, Student’s t-test). Scale bars, 100 μm. Each image is representative of 5 individual samples.

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