Extended Data Fig. 6: Related to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5. (See Supplementary Table 15 for statistics).

(a, b, e, g, i) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and physical activity (beam breaks) (a) and average respiratory quotient over 24 hours (ratio of carbon dioxide produced and oxygen consumed) (b) at 12-14 weeks, product of fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin concentration (mmol/l x ng/ml) (e) and total AUC calculated from the glucose tolerance test (g) performed at 6 weeks, and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS; pg insulin/ng of islet DNA) (i) from the pancreatic islets isolated from mice at the time of euthanasia at 18-19 weeks. (c, d, f) Plots showing the effect of sucrose intake (kJ/mouse/day) on insulin tolerance (AUC) (c) of mice at 15-16 weeks and product of fasting blood glucose and fasting blood insulin concentration (mmol/l x ng/ml) (d) and glucose tolerance (AUC) (f) of mice at 14 weeks. The relationship between metabolic parameter and sucrose intake is shown at 5% (0.72 kJ/g), 10% (1.43 kJ/g) and 15% (2.15 kJ/g) protein content. As the sucrose intake increases along the x-axis, the amount of starch eaten decreases. Each symbol (o) represents an individual mouse (n = 228, 219 and 220 mice for c, d and f). The fitted lines are derived from data analysed by GAM, fitting an interaction between a smooth term for dietary sucrose content (in one carbohydrate dimension) and protein content as a three-level categorical factor and the dotted lines represent s.e.m. for fitted values. (h) Relationship between fat mass (grams) and insulin tolerance (AUC) measured at 14-16 weeks (n = 228 mice). R² and P value (5.23E-22) for linear regression of data are shown.