Extended Data Fig. 7: Related to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6. (See Supplementary Table 16 for statistics).

(a - c) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and liver glycogen content (µmol glycogen/g of tissue) in fasting (6 hours) mice and expression of gluconeogenesis pathway genes PEPCK (b) and G6Pase (c) in the liver at 18-19 weeks. A ‘pooled’ sample was prepared by combining RNA from mice across all the diets. The gene expression data is expressed as fold change relative to the pooled sample. (d) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and lipid droplet area (% droplet area). Formalin-fixed sections of liver tissue isolated from mice maintained on experimental diets for 18-19 weeks were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin. For each section, lipid droplet area was calculated as a percentage of total tissue section area by scanning the slides on a slide scanner (Olympus) and analysing the images with an automated image-J script. (e, f) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and expression of glycerol synthesis pathway gene GPAT3 (e) and gene encoding the transcription factor PGC1-α (f) in the liver at 18-19 weeks. A ‘pooled’ sample was prepared by combining RNA from mice across all the diets. The gene expression data is expressed as fold change relative to the pooled sample. (g - i) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and fasting (6 hours) plasma cholesterol (mmol/l) (g), protein (g/L) (h) and urea (mmol/) (i) concentrations at 18-19 weeks. (j, k) Response surfaces showing the relationship between the intake of sucrose, starch and protein derived energy (kJ/mouse/day) and systolic (mmHg) (j) and diastolic (mmHg) (k) blood pressure of the mice measured at 15 weeks.