Fig. 6: PCC1-mediated senolysis prevents physical dysfunction and alleviates pathological symptoms.
From: The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice
a, Schematic of experimental procedures for cell transplantation and physical function tests in 5-month-old C57BL/6J male mice. b, Representative images showing in vivo luciferase activity 2 d after the last treatment of mice. Scale bars, 20 mm. c, Luminescence of transplanted cells as a percentage relative to the average signals in vehicle-treated animals. d–f, Measurement of maximal walking speed (relative to baseline) (d), hanging endurance (e) and grip strength (f) in 5-month-old C57BL/6J male mice, with tests performed 1 month after the last treatment. g, Schematic of the experimental design for transplantation and physical function measurements. h–j, Measurement of maximal walking speed (relative to baseline) (h), hanging endurance (i) and grip strength (j) in 28-week-old C57BL/6J male mice (2 weeks after the last treatment). k, One-year survival curves of 17-month-old animals implanted with 0.5 × 106 control MEF cells and treated with vehicle (CTRL-vehicle) and mice implanted with 0.5 × 106 senescent MEF cells treated either with vehicle (SEN-vehicle) or PCC1 (SEN-PCC1). Red arrowheads, cell implantation (on the 528th day of age) or the end of survival measurement (890th day of age). P values were calculated by two-sided log-rank (Mantel–Cox) tests. l, Comparative quantification of disease burden (left) and tumour burden (right) (shown as median with interquartile range) after implantation of senescent cells and treatment with vehicle or PCC1. m, Cause of death in animals that received implanted cells and were treated with vehicle or PCC1. For d–f,h–j, data are shown as box-and-whisker plots, in which boxes extend from the 25th to the 75th percentile with the median shown as a line in the middle, and whiskers indicate smallest and largest values. For c–f,h–j, P values were calculated by two-sided t-tests. Number of animals, n = 5 per group for c, n = 10 per group for d–j, n = 27 for k and n = 13 for l,m. NS, P > 0.05; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.
