Fig. 2: Disrupted brain insulin action after short-term overeating with calorie-rich snacks.
From: A short-term, high-caloric diet has prolonged effects on brain insulin action in men
a, Changes in brain insulin activity at follow-up 1 (directly after the 5-day HCD or regular diet) and follow-up 2 (1 week after resuming the regular diet) in HCD compared with the control group. Regions with significant changes in CBF after INI application in the HCD group compared with the control group and adjusted for the baseline measurement day are shown. Colour maps correspond to t-values (P < 0.001, uncorrected for display). b, Areas in the brain showing significantly higher insulin activity at follow-up 1 in the HCD compared with the control group adjusted for baseline measurement (PFWE < 0.05, whole-brain cluster level corrected). n = 29 at baseline and follow-up 1. c, Areas in the brain showing significantly lower insulin activity at follow-up 2 in the HCD compared with the control group adjusted for baseline measurement day (PFWE < 0.05, whole-brain cluster level corrected). n = 29 at baseline, n = 28 at follow-up 2. Box plots show at the centre the median values indicated by thick horizontal lines; upper and lower hinges correspond to first and third quartiles (25th and 75th percentiles). The whiskers extend from the hinges to the minimum and maximum value, which is 1.5 × interquartile range of the hinge. d, Higher brain insulin responsiveness at follow-up 1 (adjusted for the baseline visit) significantly correlated with the fold change in liver fat (n = 28; r = 0.434, P = 0.02), the food diary reported fold change in saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake (n = 29; r = 0.531, P = 0.003) and the change in reward sensitivity (n = 29) (r = −0.460, P = 0.01) at follow-up 1 adjusted for baseline.
