Extended Data Fig. 6: Itaconate labels citramalate and mesaconate in tissues and culture models.
From: In vivo itaconate tracing reveals degradation pathway and turnover kinetics
a, Isotopologue distribution from [U-13C5]itaconate on itaconate, mesaconate, and citramalate in Huh7 cells cultured with 10 mM 13C itaconate for 24 h, b, Isotopologue distributions on metabolites from HepG2 cells cultured with 10 mM 13C itaconate for 24 h, and c, HEK-293 cells cultured with 3 mM 13C itaconate for 120 min. d, Label on metabolites in the urine. e, Chemical structures of itaconate, mesaconate, and citramalate. f, Labeling (1 – M0) on itaconate g, mesaconate, and h, citramalate from [U-13C5]itaconate in different tissues. Mice were injected with 400 mg/kg body weight [U-13C5]itaconate. Data are presented as means ± s.e.m. Plasma samples at 0 min (n = 4), 15 min (n = 9), 30 min (n = 4), and 45 min (n = 4); tissue samples at 0 min (n = 4), and 15 min (n = 5). P values were calculated by multiple unpaired t-test (f-h) with *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, #P < 0.0001. Exact P-values are indicated in each figure panel.
