Fig. 1: Elevated polygenic risk in HNF monogenic diabetes.
From: Common genetic variants modify disease risk and clinical presentation in monogenic diabetes
a, Standardized differences in upper-level diabetes-related polygenic scores, determined by linear regression adjusting for the first ten within-cohort principal components. HNF-MODY carriers (orange, n = 1,462) and T2D cases (blue, n = 4,773) are compared with controls (dashed black line, n = 7,645). b, Adjusted ORs for T2D and HNF-MODY cases versus controls, assessed using a logistic regression model including each PGS, sex, age, BMI and the first ten within-cohort principal components as covariates. c, Adjusted ORs for T2D PGS enrichment in HNF-MODY and T2D cases under two models: (1) adjusting for covariates as described in b (yellow); and (2) adjusting for the same covariates plus family history of diabetes (blue). d, Standardized differences in T2D hard cluster partitioned polygenic scores. All scores are standardized to have a mean of 0 and s.d. of 1 in controls. ORs represent the change in risk associated with a 1 s.d. increase in the respective polygenic score. Error bars represent 95% CIs. Asterisks denote Bonferroni-adjusted statistically significant differences from controls. Sample sizes are consistent across a–d.
