Extended Data Fig. 6: TMA inhibits IRAK4 and suppresses TLR4-mediated pro-inflammatory response in primary human hepatocytes.
(a–d) Effect of palmitate (PA; 200 μM) administration and TMA pre-treatment (0.1 mM, 30 min) in primary human hepatocytes at 0 and 60 min on pThr345/Ser346IRAK4/IRAK4 (a), pSer176/180IKKαβ/IKKβ (b), pThr209IRAK1/IRAK1 (c), pSer536NF-κBp65/NF-κBp65 (d) ratios. For (a-b) each dot represents densitometric ratios of relative phosphorylation levels from hepatocyte lysates from 3 independent biological repeats, treated as indicated. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs 0 min; †p < 0.05 and ††p < 0.01 vs vehicle; bp = 0.07 vs vehicle. Effect of PA (200 μM) administration (4 h) with and without TMA pre-treatment (0.1 mM, 30 min) on IL6 accumulation in hepatocyte media (e) and on pSer473Akt1/Akt1 after insulin stimuli (100 nM, 10 min) (f). Each dot represents an independent biological repeat. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs control-vehicle; †p < 0.05 vs control-PA. For (a-f) data are means ± s.e.m and statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests on log-transformed data. Source data are provided.
