Extended Data Fig. 3: Choline supplementation corrects HFD adverse effects and associated methylamine measurements.
(a) Food intake measured on the three tested diets (CHD, LC-HFD and HC-HFD), with each dot representing a single mouse. (b, c) Western blot analysis of liver NF-kB phosphorylation state between LC-HFD and HC-HFD (N = 7 per diet). In (b) each dot represents densitometric analysis of NF-κBSer536 phosphorylation in liver extracts of a single mouse from the blot in (c). (d) Plasma sample chromatogram for the simultaneous detection of TMA, TMAO, choline, γ-butyrobetaine, carnitine, betaine and their isotopically labelled analogues. (e) Principal Component Analysis Biplot of plasma methylamine quantifications by UPLC/MS-MS from mice fed CHD, LC-HFD and HC-HFD, each component’s explained variance is shown in parenthesis. Data are means ± s.e.m. Two-sided Mann-Whitney test (*P < 0.05 vs control). (f) Densitometric analyses of western blots in Fig. 2g using β-actin to correct Akt levels prior to pAkt normalization. Each data point represents pAktSer473/β-actin ratio in liver extracts of a single mouse. Data are means ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc tests (superscript letters for factor levels P < 0.05) on log-transformed data. Source data are provided.
