Extended Data Fig. 1: T cells mediate the anti-tumor effects of DR.

A) Weight Change (% change from baseline) of mice after 2 weeks of feeding on AL or DR diets. Data represents the mean ± SEM (2 weeks, n = 12 mice/group). Statistical significance was calculated via two-tailed, unpaired Student’s t-test. B) Bar plot showing serum immunoglobulin levels in mice administered anti-IgG or anti-PD1 antibodies under AL or DR conditions. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group). Statistical significance was calculated via two-way ANOVA multiple comparisons test. C) Kaplan-Meier plot comparing tumor onset (tumor volume ≥250 mm³) in B16-OVA melanoma-bearing athymic nude mice fed ad libitum (AL) or dietary restriction (DR) diets. Statistical significance was assessed by log-rank test (n = 5 mice per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Exact P-values are as follows: Extended Data Fig. 1B, P = 0.0001; Extended Data Fig. 1B, AL (Ctrl) vs. AL (Anti-CD8), P < 0.0001; AL (Ctrl) vs. DR (Ctrl), P = 0.3094; AL (Ctrl) vs. DR (Anti-CD8), P < 0.0001; AL (Anti-CD8) vs. DR (Ctrl), P < 0.0001; AL (Anti-CD8) vs. DR (Anti-CD8), P > 0.9999; DR (Ctrl) vs. DR (Anti-CD8), P < 0.0001; Extended Data Fig. 1C, P = 0.2845.

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