Fig. 1: scDVP for spatially resolved proteomic analysis of liver zonation.

a, Schematic representation of liver architecture showing the anatomical and functional organization of metabolic processes along the porto–central axis in human liver lobules. b, Workflow overview integrating high-resolution microscopy, artificial intelligence-guided cell segmentation, laser microdissection and ultra-high-sensitivity MS for spatial proteomic analysis. c, Immunofluorescence imaging of human liver tissue visualizing GS (pericentral; purple), ASS1 (periportal; orange), actin with phalloidin (cell boundaries; white) and nuclei with DAPI (cyan). d, Developed single-cell selection strategy of segmented contours (turquoise), strategic selection (colour gradient) and laser microdissection of equally distributed cells along a zonation trajectory. Representative image from one healthy individual. Immunofluorescence staining was performed once per individual (N = 18). AI, artificial intelligence; CV, central vein; FC, fold change; PV, portal vein. Illustrations in a and b created in BioRender. Weiss, C. https://biorender.com/q9yl3l9 (2026).