Fig. 6: Beta cells exhibit accelerated DNA demethylation in T2D (part II).
From: Epigenetic adaptation of beta cells across lifespan and disease
a,b, PDX1 binding sites methylation heatmaps. Heatmaps of average beta cell methylation at PDX1 binding sites32 in CTL (a) and T2D (b) donors. Shown are the 500 most variable peaks (separately, for CTL and T2D) across seven age-matched donors. c, Linear fit slopes for PDX1 binding sites. Violin plots of slopes from linear fits of methylation versus age at the regions shown in a and b, for beta cells from CTL and T2D donors. Asterisks indicate a two-sided Wilcoxon P < 0.001 (in this case, P = 2.8 × 10−9). d,e, Pearson correlations for PDX1 binding sites. Boxplots of Pearson correlation coefficients (d) and corresponding P values (e) for methylation versus age at regions (398 for CTL and 310 for T2D) with slope of <0 from a and b. Boxplot parameters: middle line, median; box upper (resp. lower) bound, 3rd (resp. 1st) quartile; upper/lower whisker extends to the largest/smallest value within 1.5× IQR; individual points, outliers. Asterisks indicate a two-sided Wilcoxon P < 0.001 (P = 6.5 × 10−5 in both cases). f, Methylation versus age in PDX1 binding sites. Median methylation values across the PDX1 binding sites in the fifth quintile of the median methylation levels for seven CTL (blue) and seven T2D (red) age-matched donors.
