Extended Data Fig. 7: Hexosamine pathway modulation or glucosamine supplementation has minimal impact on brain N-glycans and social memory in WT mice.
From: Hyperglycosylation is a metabolic driver of Alzheimer’s disease
a, Experimental design for 8-month-old WT mice injected with hippocampal shScr or shPGM3 lentivirus followed by social memory testing 2 weeks later. b, Relative intensities of representative complex N-glycans in WT-shScr (n = 3 animals) and WT-shPGM3 (n = 3 animals) brains showing only modest or non-significant changes. c, Schematic of the social memory paradigm across four interaction trials. d, Social memory performance expressed as time interacting relative to trial 1, showing no significant difference between WT-control (n = 6 animals) and WT-shPGM3 groups (n = 5 animals). e, Experimental design for WT mice treated with glucosamine or water (vehicle) for 2 weeks before social memory testing. f, Relative and absolute intensities of representative complex N-glycans in glucosamine- (n = 4 animals) and water-treated WT brains (n = 3 animals). g, Social memory performance of glucosamine- (n = 3 animals) and water-treated WT mice (n = 5 animals) showing no significant behavioral effect. Data are mean ± s.e.m.; P values are indicated (two-tailed t-test); ns, not significant. Panels created in BioRender: a, Sun, R. https://biorender.com/y4c87wr (2026); c, Sun, R. https://BioRender.com/bz0zgue (2026); e, Sun, R. https://biorender.com/kbdz76x (2026).
