Extended Data Fig. 2: Integrated spatial multiomics confirms glycan enrichment in 5xFAD mouse brains.
From: Hyperglycosylation is a metabolic driver of Alzheimer’s disease
a, Spatial metabolomics and lipidomics maps of glucose and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE 18:1) in wild-type (WT) and 5xFAD brains, with accompanying violin plots showing region-specific differences across cortex, hippocampus (HC), thalamus, cerebellum (CB), and hindbrain (HB). Significant reductions in glucose and elevations in LPE are observed in disease-relevant regions of 5xFAD brains (n>2000 pixels across 3 biological replicates each). Statistical significance assessed by two-tailed t-tests. b, Schematic of spatial multiomics workflow detailing integration of NEDC-based metabolomics and lipidomics with CHCA-PNGase-based glycomics from adjacent sections. c, Spatial glycomics images and violin plots of representative glycan species (1419, 2158, 2523, 1237 m/z) confirm significant glycan accumulation in 5xFAD compared to WT across brain regions. Two-tailed t-tests used for comparisons. d, MALDI mass spectra showing elevated glycan peak intensities across a wide m/z range in 5xFAD compared to WT mouse brains, confirming broad glycan upregulation. Panel b created in BioRender; Sun, R. https://biorender.com/o23cvvu (2026).
