Fig. 6: HAG analysis.

a, Venn diagram showing the overlap between HAGs and DEGs. b, Gene set enrichment analysis of HAGs reveals a strong association with immune activation pathways, including T cell activation, cytokine signalling and antigen receptor signalling. c, R2 scores before and after random shuffling of cell-type-specific features across multiple cell types, evaluated using all genes (n = 3,176) and the top 100 DEGs. Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation over five independent random shuffling runs (different random seeds). d, R2 scores before and after masking HAGs from the input features.