Table 2 Mechanisms to integrate passive and active sensing within and across the practical, political and personal spheres.

From: Harnessing sensing systems towards urban sustainability transformation

Spheres of transformation

Concrete suggestions for stakeholders

Practical sphere

 Driven by entities directly operating or managing specific resources

- Use of creative, but informed design approaches (e.g. Geodesign43, point cloud modelling76)

- Active curation of sensed data

- Ensure legibility of sensed data

- Explicit integration of the sensing loop in planning processes

Political sphere

 Driven by entities acting on behalf of wider societal groups or organizations

- Ensure access to sensed data

- Coherent representation of diverse knowledge systems

- Ensure informed consent and protected or anonymized information to ensure privacy

- Install national and local data protection rules in place

- Active acknowledgement of the politics of sensing processes

- Engage in evidence-based decision-making

Personal sphere

 Driven by individuals

- Active participation in defining data collection efforts

- Voluntary engagement in data collection (e.g. citizen science)