Table 1 Characteristics of map-based surveys applied during COVID-19 spring 2020.

From: Analysis of pandemic outdoor recreation and green infrastructure in Nordic cities to enhance urban resilience

City

Copenhagen

Stockholm

Helsinki

Turku

Data collection time

15.5–15.7 2020 (9 weeks)

27.4–15.6.2020 (7 weeks)

7.5.–31.5.2020 (4 weeks)

11.5.–21.6.2020 (6 weeks)

Sampling approach

Five local citizen panels relating to local district councils (volunteered recruitment)

Convenience sampling

A simple random sample of 10,000 inhabitants

Convenience sampling

Targeted respondents

Inhabitants above 19 in the five local districts

People 15 or older with reading competence in Swedish

Working-age adults (18–65 years) living permanently in the study area (Helsinki metropolitan area consisting of the municipalities of Helsinki, Espoo, Vantaa, and Kauniainen)

Turku inhabitants above 15 years old

Survey respondents total/% of population

4992/1.8% (of local district population)

Avg. response rate across panels = 27%

593/0.02%

469/0.04%

730/0.4%