Fig. 1: Spatiotemporal variation in exposure risk trend projections.

a, b Exposure risk trends estimated by Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope under (a) SSP2-4.5 and (b) SSP5-8.5 during 2020s to 2090s. For each pixel, the forecasting results with the Mann-Kendall test at the 95% significant level were considered.