Table 3 Overview of discussions under Coding Category 1: endogenous lifecycles/ rhythms and exogenous drivers of urban change.

1

Speed &duration:

speed, duration, temporal, dynamics, planning, timeframes, time horizon, short-term, long-term, scale, period, future

112

P3, P6,

P7, P29, P30, P34, P36, P38

P7: “Planning and policies must account for multiple and nested temporal frames within a single planning timeline.”

P30: “When you do a city as large as Mumbai, obviously, you cannot make short-term plans.”

P38: “The speed of the temporal and statutory cycles is a mismatch.”

2

Rhythms:

rhythm, cycles, lifecycles, frequency

9

P1, P7,

P9, P14, P30, P36

P1: “MRA acknowledges different elements with different frequencies and rhythms. Cut these rhythms loose from each other.”

P7: “Planning and policies must account for multiple and nested temporal frames within a single planning timeline.”

P14: “Is it future-proof?” Is it able to absorb changes? Can it be easily replaced in 10-20 years? you should make that in such a way that it can be easily replaced in 10-20 years.”

P36: “India’s planning is stuck into a 10-year time step because the census is a ten-year time step.”

3

Exogenous drivers of urban change:

drivers, technology, extreme, disruptions, catalysts, disasters, floods, politics, ageing, shared

94

P1, P11,

P13, P25, P27, P29, P30, P34, P36

P1: “Only when there is a big event like an earthquake or flood or a bombarding, then we change the layout of the city.”

P11: “Political roadblocks in planning approaches and horizons might be preventing effective climate adaptation.”

P29: “MMR acknowledges the role of system-shocks and disasters in driving urban transformation.”

P36: “For a rapidly urbanizing region, a vision for 20 years is too long given the speed of technology and climate change.”