Table 4 Overview of discussions under Coding Category 2: approaches/tools to leverage an understanding of urban change and planning perspectives on urban change.

1

Approaches and tools:

approaches, mechanisms, responses, tools incremental, transformative, forward-looking, land-use, landscape, layers, networks, evolution, metabolism, flow, circularity (pertaining to urban metabolism studies)

95

P1, P2,

P3, P5,

P6, P7, P8, P10, P24, P29, P30, P33, P34, P35, P36, P38

P2: “Make an abstract vision for the future. Then it works out in different programs that can change so you can be flexible.”

P8: “There are techniques to link (flood) return periods to planning storylines, but the future will evolve differently, but at least think of some catastrophic storylines.”

P33: “The more you are in reactive response mode, the lesser time and resources to devote for strategic thinking.”

P34: “We need a multilevel framework for assessing (long-term) trade-offs for coastal roads, overhauling the drainage systems...”

P35: “Temporality of the informal landscape cannot be assessed using existing approaches as they cannot be fully regulated.”

P36: “Development could be controlled using transit networks which offer a spatial structure for future growth...with long lifecycles”.

2

Perspectives, challenges and gaps: perception, challenges, institutional, issues, gaps, delays, process, update, regulation, renewal, maintain

119

P2, P3,

P5, P7, P8, P21, P29, P30, P33, P35, P37

P3: “Amsterdam’s Structurevision (2012) became outdated soon after its release as the city grew faster than expected.”

P5: “Policies to implement climate norms will always be dated. How do you allow the policy design to respond and go beyond what is set in stone?”

P29: “Projects with long gestation periods are hard to implement as planners can’t even see beyond three years.”

P37: “This lag in planning and implementation timelines cascades to day-to-day decision-making which then stretches to several months.”