Table 2 Social Foundation Indicators and Australian average values
From: Exploring the safe and just space for urban and regional Australia
Social foundation | Global measure used (Raworth, 2017) | Global measure used (O’Neill et al. 175) | Global Goal per capita per year (O’Neill et al. 175) | Indicator used | Australian average |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Income and Work - Income | Population living on less than the international poverty line of $3.10 a day | Population living on at least $1.90 per day | 95% | Equivalized total household income (weekly)—Census $1-$499 per week | 16% |
Income and Work/Jobs - Employment | Proportion of young people (aged 15-24) seeking but not able to find work | N/A | Youth Engagement in work/study | 82% | |
1 – Unemployment rate | 6% | Unemployment rate | 5.1% | ||
Health | Population living in countries with under-five mortality rate exceeding 25 per 1,000 live births | N/A | Under 1 year mortality per 1000 births | 3.08 | |
Population living in countries with life expectancy at birth of less than 70 years | Healthy life expectancy at birth (HALE) | 65 years | Life expectancy at birth | 83 years | |
Food (Nutrition) | Population undernourished | UN Food and Agriculture “food supply” indicator | 2700 kcal per day | % food secure | 66.8% |
Water and Sanitation | Population without access to improved drinking water | Population living without improved sanitation facilities | 95% | Population lacking access to SDG 6.1 def’n of basic level of drinking water quality | >99.5% |
Population without access to improved sanitation | N/A | N/A | |||
Energy | Population lacking access to electricity | Percentage of population with access to electricity | 95% | Access to electricity | 100% (assumed) |
Population lacking access to clean cooking facilities | N/A | N/A | |||
Housing | Proportion of global urban population living in slum housing in developing countries | N/A | N/A | Homeless persons per 10,000 persons (rate) | 47.8 |
Dwellings with extra bedrooms needed (no.) | 310476 dwellings | ||||
Networks (Social support) | Population stating that they are without someone to count on for help in times of trouble | % of population who have someone to count on whenever they need them | 90% | N/A | |
Population without access to the Internet | Access to internet at home – occupied private dwellings | 83% | |||
Political Voice (Democratic quality) | Population living in countries scoring 0.5 or less out of 1.0 in the Voice and Accountability Index | Average of “voice and accountability” and “political stability” from World Happiness Report | 0.8 | Voice and accountability index | 1.32 |
Equality | Population living in countries with a Palma ratio of 2 or more (the ratio of the income share of the top 10% of people to that of the bottom 40%) | Maximum Gini coefficient (based on household disposable income) | 0.3 | Total income (excluding pensions and allowances) – Gini coefficient | 0.479 |
Disposable income - Gini coefficient | 0.319 | ||||
Education | Adult population (aged 15 + ) who are illiterate | Ratio of total high-school enrolment to high school age population | 95% | Population over age of 15 - Did not go to school (%) | 1.0% |
Children aged 12–15 out of school | N/A | Completed year 8 or below (%) | 3.8% | ||
Gender Equality – | Representation gap between women and men in national parliaments | N/A | Gender balance in state parliaments (% women) | 42% | |
Gender balance in national parliament (% women) | 44% | ||||
Worldwide earnings gap between women and men | N/A | Earnings gap | 19% | ||
Peace and Justice - Corruption | Population living in countries scoring 50 or less out of 100 in the Corruption Perceptions Index | N/A | Corruption perceptions index | 77/100 | |
Peace and Justice - Homicide | Population living in countries with a homicide rate of 10 or more per 10,000 | N/A | Victimization rate per 100 000 people - Homicide and related offences | 1.65 |
