Table 1 The multilevel regression results
From: Disparities of urban morphology effects on compound natural risks: a multiscale study across the USA
Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Census tract level variables | ||||
Land use entropy | 0.0286*** | 0.0139*** | 0.0137*** | 0.0134*** |
| Â | (0.0010) | (0.0007) | (0.0007) | (0.0006) |
Proximity to city centers | 0.0398*** | 0.0474*** | 0.0423*** | 0.0176*** |
| Â | (0.0018) | (0.0040) | (0.0041) | (0.0039) |
Proximity to major roads | 0.0909*** | 0.0516*** | 0.0524*** | 0.0489*** |
| Â | (0.0029) | (0.0044) | (0.0044) | (0.0043) |
Slope | 0.0718*** | 0.0224*** | -0.0216 | 0.0226*** |
| Â | (0.0037) | (0.0030) | (0.0030) | (0.0030) |
Greenness | −0.0056*** | 0.0212*** | -0.0181*** | 0.0225*** |
| Â | (0.0014) | (0.0014) | (0.0014) | (0.0015) |
Compactness | 0.0056*** | −0.0126*** | −0.0081** | −0.0093*** |
| Â | (0.0020) | (0.0013) | (0.0013) | (0.0015) |
Openness | −0.0006 | −0.0145*** | −0.0151*** | −0.0156*** |
| Â | (0.0008) | (0.0006) | (0.0006) | (0.0006) |
County-level variables | ||||
Minority segregation |  | −0.0427*** | −0.0438*** | −0.0227*** |
| Â | Â | (0.0072) | (0.0072) | (0.0057) |
Population density |  | −0.1783*** | −0.1922*** | −0.0400 |
| Â | Â | (0.0483) | (0.0484) | (0.0366) |
GDP | Â | 0.0544* | 0.0538 | 0.0252 |
| Â | Â | (0.0328) | (0.0328) | (0.0248) |
Cross-level interactions | ||||
Population density × Proximity to city centers |  |  | 1.0998*** | 1.2297*** |
| Â | Â | (0.1940) | (0.1930) | |
Compactness × Proximity to major roads |  |  | −0.1784*** | −0.1729*** |
| Â | Â | (0.0249) | (0.0250) | |
Intercept | 0.1913*** | 0.1876*** | 0.1913*** | 0.1722*** |
| Â | (0.0027) | (0.0026) | (0.0027) | (0.0061) |
Log likelihood ↑ | 83383.74 | 117340.9 | 117386.1 | 118185.54 |
AIC ↓ | −166749.5 | −234655.8 | −234742.3 | −236245.1 |
BIC ↓ | −166667.3 | −234537 | −234605.2 | −235669.5 |
Degree of freedom | 9 | 12 | 15 | 63 |
