Fig. 3: Study area and supporting data sources.
From: Local damages drive network-wide costs in compound flood-prone coastal city
a Stormwater drainage layout showing manholes, pipes, outfalls, and river cross-sections. b Zoomed-in view of the coupling location between the stormwater drainage outlet, river, and coastal boundary. c Elevation profile of the study domain. d Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification derived from satellite imagery. e River bathymetry profile at a representative cross-section, measured using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP).
