Fig. 1: The relationship between RECF and outdoor air temperature for different construction eras.

The four construction eras include pre-1980s, the 1980s, the 1990s, and the post-2000s. a Daily RECF response to outdoor air temperature for different construction eras (results for post-2000 residential buildings are shown; others are in Supplementary Fig. 1; all parameter values in Supplementary Table 3). b Distribution of daily RECF in each month for post-2000s residential buildings. c Monthly RECF for different construction eras. d Distribution of daily RECF at different temperature ranges for residential buildings of different construction eras.