Fig. 3: RMM applied to bivalve mollusc aquaculture scenario where live animals are destined for export market to be consumed raw.

Control measures for specific hazards can be applied to given supply phases. The RMM informs re-application of the SRT to the uncontrolled scenario (no mitigations applied) for potential de-risking of supply using standalone/non-accrued benefits of applying controls at specific supply phases supply (control 1) or to cumulative/accrued benefits of applying controls at subsequent supply phases (control 2). Resultant scores are represented in red, yellow and grey columns (Fig. 2c). Data relating to calculation of the SRT for these control options are provided in Supplementary Section 2.3. ^aSite pre-selection (covering CH, AH and HH hazards) offers the best risk mitigation measure that may be accrued during all subsequent supply phases. ^bActions include suspension of harvest, ‘relaying’ animals at clean sites or otherwise informing onward processing requirements. ^cPurification through re-immersion of molluscs in clean water (for example, depuration and relay) or other mechanical interventions where criteria for efficacy of intervention are measurable (for example, irradiation). ^dProduct monitoring either by official services or food businesses informed by application of HACCP plans (including batch release measures). ^eGood hygiene practices and education of workers to avoid cold chain breach, contamination of seafood by staff and consumption by ‘at risk’ groups; labelling and traceability are critical. ^fApplication of Progressive Management Pathway, supported by appropriate national biosecurity tools, on-farm biosecurity plans, application of BAP or similar, application of measures in OIE Code for listed pathogens and generic chapters (surveillance and biosecurity) for other pathogens. ^gApplication of OIE standards for international trade as recognized by the WTO, including more stringent national/regional controls where justified by risk assessment, and meeting other criteria (equivalence) set out in the WTO SPS agreement. NA, not applicable.