Fig. 1: Ensemble average continental projections for the African rice system for the 2050s under different SSP × forcing scenarios.

a, Projected total rice consumption in Mt. b, Projected per capita consumption in kg per person. c, Projected population in million people. d, Projected rice production in Mt. e, Projected rice yields in t ha−1. f, Projected rice extent in Mha. The 2000 levels represent the observed values, which also correspond to the initial state of the modelling sequence. More information on model bias and starting conditions can be found in Supplementary Table 2.