Fig. 1: Distribution of forced labour risk by supply chain stage per tonne of cocoa powder and cake supplied to the United States.
From: Forced labour risk is pervasive in the US land-based food supply
The flow of risk through supply chain stages and countries to supply cocoa, powder and cake to the United States. ‘Cocoa, bean supply’ is the agriculture stage; ‘cocoa, paste supply’ and ‘cocoa, powder and cake supply’ are the first and second stages of processing, respectively; and ‘cocoa, powder and cake end use’ refers to the consuming country (the United States). The percentages correspond to the percentage contribution to risk in each stage, as measured in the units mrh-eq per tonne. An interactive version of this figure showing all foods in the dataset is available at https://sites.tufts.edu/lasting/data/.
