Fig. 3: The melting dynamics of metastable 3D skyrmion strings observed using iDPC tomography with the increase of temperature.
From: 3D skyrmion strings and their melting dynamics revealed via scalar-field electron tomography
a–c 2D phase images of a zero-field metastable SkX after 130 mT-FC at several temperatures in a heating run: a 95 K, b 200 K, c 220 K. d–i 3D scalar field maps of the surrounding area by smaller red rectangles in a–c demonstrating the melting dynamics of the skyrmion strings with increasing temperature: d, g independent strings at the lowest temperature, 95 K; e, h “H”-shape skyrmion strings connected to each other around the center at 200 K; f, i the curved stripe domains with surface modulations accompanying skyrmion strings at 220 K. j–l Relaxations of metastable skyrmion strings at zero fields evaluated with micromagnetic simulations: j cylinder-shape SkX; k “H”-shape skyrmion strings; l stripe domains with surface modulations. Insets in k and l show schematics of spin hedgehog and anti-hedgehog textures.
