Fig. 4: Competitive ion transport behavior of Na⁺ and H⁺ through the cation-exchange membrane. | Communications Materials

Fig. 4: Competitive ion transport behavior of Na⁺ and H⁺ through the cation-exchange membrane.

From: Energy-efficient modular water purification system via concurrent freshwater and hydrogen generation using ion concentration polarization

Fig. 4: Competitive ion transport behavior of Na⁺ and H⁺ through the cation-exchange membrane.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a The competitive transport relationship between Na+ and H+ ions through the Nafion membrane in the microfluidic device at various feed saltwater concentrations (10, 20, 40, 200, and 500 mM NaCl) as a function of applied current. The ratios of Na+ ion transport (ΔNa+) and H+ ion transport (ΔH+) to the total charge transport (ΔQ) through the CEM are represented as ΔNa+/ΔQ and ΔH+/ΔQ, respectively. The average current (IAvg.) was adjusted to maintain stable IDZ formation and freshwater production. b The competitive transport relationship between Na+ and H+ ions through the Nafion membrane in the mesoscale device at various feed saltwater concentrations (20 mM and 200 mM NaCl) as a function of the constant applied current. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation from measurements on 4 different devices.

Back to article page