Fig. 2: Time series of temperature, salinity, and carbonate chemistry in Galveston Bay from June 2017 to September 2018.
From: Tropical cyclone-induced coastal acidification in Galveston Bay, Texas

Average values and standard error for discreet sampling time points of a pH, b aragonite saturation state (Ωar), c calcite saturation state (Ωca), d in situ partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2; red) and temperature-normalized pCO2 (npCO2; blue) to 26.0 °C (average in situ temperature across sampling period), e salinity, and f temperature. Solid lines show carbonate parameters calculated using constants from Millero41 recommended for estuaries; dotted lines with open circles show carbonate parameters calculated using Lueker et al.42 constants recommended for seawater (S > 15). The gray horizontal shading in (b) and (c) indicates undersaturated conditions (Ω < 1) and in (d) represents average atmospheric CO2 levels (~405 μatm) during the study. The yellow vertical bar shows the period of August 26–30 associated with heavy rainfall in the Houston area associated with Hurricane Harvey.