Fig. 3: Marine heatwaves and marine cold spells in the ice-free summer Barents Sea Large Marine Ecosystem relative to a linearly shifting baseline.

Summer (Sep–Oct) means of the intensity of marine heatwaves (red) and marine cold spells (blue) relative to local linearly shifting baselines for all years from 1982 to 2021. The summer means are calculated from the cumulative intensities relative to the thresholds, but only presented qualitatively (color-saturation means that on average there is a minimum of 1 °C of excess heat per day). Individual patterns for each major MHW event are shown in supplementary Fig. 7 and compared to their fixed baseline complements.