Table 2 Overview of nine scenarios narratives and parameter assumptions
From: Technology and material-oriented strategies can reduce lead industry carbon emissions in China
Oriented | Category | Scenario | Descriptions | Detailed explanation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Technology oriented | Energy/material technology | Energymaterial emission intensity (S-MI) | The upstream GHG emission intensity of energy will decrease by 25%, 50%, and 75% compared to the current value in the low, medium and high scenarios | |
Electricity emission intensity (S-EI) | It is assumed that the proportion of non-fossil energy generation in low, medium and high scenarios reaches 85%, 95%, and 100% in 2050 | |||
Industry technology | Closed-loop recycling (S-CL) | This study assumes that 30%, 50%, and 70% of lead batteries will achieve closed circulation by 2060. | ||
Substitution of material (S-SM) | This study assumes that carbon reducing agent and fossil energy are replaced by biomass, and the zero carbon/low carbon raw material replacement rate is 2%, 1.5%, and 1% in the high, medium and low scenarios with annual increase. | |||
Material oriented | Demand | Ownership (S-OW) | Three growth scenarios are set up, namely, basic growth scenario, low growth scenario and high growth scenario. | |
Application of LCB (S-Al) | This scenario assumes that the annual market share of lead-carbon batteries will increase by 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% for the low, medium, and high scenarios | |||
Export of LAB (S-EL) | The decrease amount in the high, middle and low middle scenarios is 20%, 40%, 60% of the original respectively | |||
Supply | Recycling rate (S-RR) | The recycling rate is assumed to be 0.80, 0.90, and 0.99, respectively, in 2060 for the low, medium, and high scenarios | ||
Zinc concentrate demand (S-ZD) | The proportion of secondary zinc supply in China is assumed 24%, 27%, and 30% for the low, medium, and high scenarios |
