Fig. 3: Additional wave height reduction compared to sites without vegetation achieved by healthy and dormant marsh species. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 3: Additional wave height reduction compared to sites without vegetation achieved by healthy and dormant marsh species.

From: Marsh restoration in front of seawalls is an economically justified nature-based solution for coastal protection

Fig. 3

Additional wave height reduction compared to site without vegetation achieved by six healthy and two dormant marsh species a at different vegetation width, and b additional wave attenuation with 40-m marsh width as a function of stem rigidity. Triangles are dormant conditions for Spartina anglica and Scirpus maritimus. Stem rigidity is defined by the elastic modulus \({E}_{s}\), and bending moment of inertia \({I}_{s}.\). This figure corresponds to the marsh-fronted seawall configuration in Fig. 1, with water depth at the toe of seawall \({h}_{t}\)= 3 m. Other parameter values given in Fig. 1b were adopted from Vuik et al.51.

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