Fig. 4: Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) using low-range benefit and cost values. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 4: Benefit-cost ratio (BCR) using low-range benefit and cost values.

From: Marsh restoration in front of seawalls is an economically justified nature-based solution for coastal protection

Fig. 4

The base case is the marsh-fronted seawall in Fig. 1 with offshore wave height \({H}_{0}=\) 1.5 m, water depth at the seawall toe \({h}_{t}=\) 3 m, Spartina alterniflora plants, 50-year project life, and 2.5% discount rate73. The first sensitivity analysis varied water depth at the seawall toe, \({h}_{t}\), for which a shows wave height at the seawall toe, and b shows percentage of total monetized benefit contributed by avoided seawall heightening (solid line) and environmental services (dashed line), and c shows associated BCR values. d Sensitivity of BCR to storm condition, with the offshore wave height set to the shallow-water wave breaking limit \({H}_{0}=0.88{h}_{t}\). e Sensitivity of BCR to vegetation species. f Sensitivity of BCR to discount rate.

Back to article page