Fig. 2: Ensemble mean of NINO3.4 index predicted from Mar 2023 by different experiments. | Communications Earth & Environment

Fig. 2: Ensemble mean of NINO3.4 index predicted from Mar 2023 by different experiments.

From: Predicting the 2023/24 El Niño from a multi-scale and global perspective

Fig. 2

a–c Evolutions of NINO3.4 index in observations and experiments. Shading denotes one standard deviation among different ensemble members. Plotting style follows ENSO forecast released by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (https://iri.columbia.edu/our-expertise/climate/forecasts/enso/current). d NINO3.4 index averaged from November 2023 to January 2024 (NDJ). Abbreviations: NETP northeastern tropical Pacific, SETP southeastern tropical Pacific, TIO tropical Indian Ocean, and TA tropical Atlantic. Unit is °C.

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