Fig. 2: Feedback metrics and the contribution of feedbacks to cumulative net CO2 uptake in land and ocean.
From: Rising nitrogen deposition leads to only a minor increase in CO2 uptake in Earth system models
a Carbon-concentration feedback metric (\(\beta\)), describing the response of land and ocean CO2 uptake to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. b Carbon-climate feedback metric (\(\gamma\)), describing the response of land and ocean CO2 uptake to changes in temperature. c Carbon-nitrogen feedback metric (\(\varepsilon\)), describing the response of land and ocean CO2 uptake to changes in nitrogen (N) deposition. d Contribution of feedbacks to cumulative net CO2 uptake over 140 years of the 1pctCO2 experiment. Boxes show the mean ± 1 standard deviation, and points represent individual ESMs. Eleven Earth System Models (ESMs) were analysed for the carbon-concentration and carbon-climate feedbacks, and three ESMs were analysed for the carbon-nitrogen feedback. Values are given in Supplementary Tables 1 and 2.
